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824412 sites analysed

State of EU Web Security

A deep technical analysis of 824412 European websites. TLS configuration, email authentication, security headers, and DNS security — measured, not estimated.

93.0%

TLS 1.3

5.7%

DMARC reject

11%

HSTS

5%

CSP

15%

DNSSEC

25%

HTTPS

21%

IPv6 ready

6%

HTTP/3

88%

NS redundancy

0%

sec.txt CRA

7%

Mixed content

5%

CSP reporting

TLS & Certificates

805578 sites scanned

TLS encrypts data in transit. TLS 1.3 is the current standard — older versions have known vulnerabilities. Required by GDPR Art. 32 (encryption of personal data), NIS2 Art. 21 (state of the art security measures), and PCI DSS 4.0 (TLS 1.2+ mandatory since March 2025).

TLS Version Distribution

TLSv1.3
93.0%
TLSv1.2
7.0%
Unknown
0.0%

Certificate Features

100%

Forward Secrecy

100%

Certificate Transparency

20%

OCSP Stapling

33%

Wildcard Certs

0%

Deprecated TLS

HTTP Security Headers

869078 sites scanned

HTTP security headers instruct browsers to enable protections like XSS filtering, clickjacking prevention, and content type enforcement. OWASP recommends all six headers. NIS2 Art. 21 and ISO 27001 A.8.9 require appropriate technical measures — missing headers indicate gaps.

Header Adoption Rates

Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
11%
X-Content-Type-Options
11%
X-Frame-Options
8%
Referrer-Policy
6%
Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
5%
Permissions-Policy
3%

25%

HTTPS Redirect

6%

HSTS Preload Ready

1%

security.txt

53%

Open CORS

1%

HSTS < 6 months

0%

Unsafe Referrer-Policy

1%

COOP Enabled

2%

Server Misconfigs

Email Security

849510 sites scanned

SPF, DKIM, and DMARC prevent email spoofing and phishing. Without DMARC enforcement, attackers can send emails that appear to come from your domain. Required by NIS2 Art. 21 (supply chain security), DORA Art. 9 (ICT risk management), and BSI IT-Grundschutz APP.5.3.

DMARC Policy Distribution

13.4%
77.5%
Reject 5.7% Quarantine 3.4% None (monitor only) 13.4% No DMARC 77.5%

Email Authentication

34%

SPF

17%

DKIM

23%

DMARC

19%

STARTTLS

18%

Modern SMTP TLS

0%

Blacklisted

DKIM Key Size Distribution

1024-bit 21.1%
1148-bit 0.0%
2024-bit 0.0%
2048-bit 78.7%
3072-bit 0.0%
384-bit 0.0%
4096-bit 0.1%
512-bit 0.0%
768-bit 0.1%
8192-bit 0.0%

Email Spoofability by Industry

Percentage of sites without effective DMARC policy (spoofable via email)

Food
94% 238090
Hospitality
93% 114747
Beauty
93% 31195
Culture
93% 30861
Pets
93% 3592
Sports
92% 47859
Home Garden
92% 28031
Travel
92% 24081
Fashion
91% 29252
Education
90% 100332
Automotive
90% 37729
Healthcare
89% 53315
Real Estate
89% 12285
Construction
88% 14031
Ngo
88% 12207
Professional Services
87% 16105
Tech
84% 18431
Pharma
82% 14532
Insurance
76% 3107
Media
75% 4175

DNS Security

869257 sites scanned

DNS security features protect against cache poisoning, domain hijacking, and man-in-the-middle attacks. DNSSEC is recommended by ENISA and required under NIS2 for essential entities. CAA prevents unauthorized certificate issuance (RFC 8659). MTA-STS enforces TLS for inbound email.

DNSSEC Signing
15%
DANE/TLSA
10%
CAA Records
3%
MTA-STS
1%
TLS-RPT
1%
BIMI
0%

MTA-STS Mode Breakdown

enforce (2741)
testing (1166)
unknown (663)
none (119)

Methodology

How this data was collected and what it represents.

All data is collected through automated, non-intrusive scans of publicly accessible websites. No login credentials are used, no forms are submitted, and no private data is accessed.

Sites are scanned across multiple dimensions: HTTP headers, TLS certificates, DNS records, and email authentication (SPF/DKIM/DMARC). Privacy, accessibility, and technology data are available in dedicated reports.

No individual sites are named. All statistics are aggregated and anonymised. Regulatory references indicate which requirements relate to each finding — they do not assert non-compliance of any specific organisation.

Where does your website stand?

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Based on automated scans of 824412 European websites. Updated continuously.