Skip to main content
820169 sites analysed

State of EU Web Security

A deep technical analysis of 820169 European websites. TLS configuration, email authentication, security headers, and DNS security — measured, not estimated.

92.2%

TLS 1.3

0.7%

DMARC reject

11%

HSTS

5%

CSP

15%

DNSSEC

13%

HTTPS

20%

IPv6 ready

3%

HTTP/3

88%

NS redundancy

0%

sec.txt CRA

4%

Mixed content

3%

CSP reporting

TLS & Certificates

786939 sites scanned

TLS encrypts data in transit. TLS 1.3 is the current standard — older versions have known vulnerabilities. Required by GDPR Art. 32 (encryption of personal data), NIS2 Art. 21 (state of the art security measures), and PCI DSS 4.0 (TLS 1.2+ mandatory since March 2025).

TLS Version Distribution

TLSv1.3
92.2%
TLSv1.2
7.7%
Unknown
0.2%

Certificate Features

100%

Forward Secrecy

100%

Certificate Transparency

30%

OCSP Stapling

33%

Wildcard Certs

0%

Deprecated TLS

HTTP Security Headers

864618 sites scanned

HTTP security headers instruct browsers to enable protections like XSS filtering, clickjacking prevention, and content type enforcement. OWASP recommends all six headers. NIS2 Art. 21 and ISO 27001 A.8.9 require appropriate technical measures — missing headers indicate gaps.

Header Adoption Rates

Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
11%
X-Content-Type-Options
11%
X-Frame-Options
8%
Referrer-Policy
5%
Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
5%
Permissions-Policy
3%

13%

HTTPS Redirect

4%

HSTS Preload Ready

1%

security.txt

80%

Open CORS

1%

HSTS < 6 months

1%

Unsafe Referrer-Policy

1%

COOP Enabled

6%

Server Misconfigs

Email Security

847604 sites scanned

SPF, DKIM, and DMARC prevent email spoofing and phishing. Without DMARC enforcement, attackers can send emails that appear to come from your domain. Required by NIS2 Art. 21 (supply chain security), DORA Art. 9 (ICT risk management), and BSI IT-Grundschutz APP.5.3.

DMARC Policy Distribution

97.9%
Reject 0.7% Quarantine 0.2% None (monitor only) 1.2% No DMARC 97.9%

Email Authentication

4%

SPF

1%

DKIM

2%

DMARC

5%

STARTTLS

5%

Modern SMTP TLS

0%

Blacklisted

DKIM Key Size Distribution

1024-bit 21.3%
2048-bit 78.6%
3072-bit 0.0%
384-bit 0.0%
768-bit 0.1%

Email Spoofability by Industry

Percentage of sites without effective DMARC policy (spoofable via email)

Real Estate
100% 12283
Food
99% 237464
Hospitality
99% 114248
Education
99% 100081
Healthcare
99% 53239
Sports
99% 47705
Automotive
99% 37703
Beauty
99% 31278
Culture
99% 30748
Fashion
99% 29260
Home Garden
99% 28017
Travel
99% 23975
Tech
99% 18398
Professional Services
99% 16057
Pharma
99% 14555
Construction
99% 14048
Ngo
99% 12141
Ecommerce
99% 4537
Media
99% 4171
Pets
99% 3584

DNS Security

864986 sites scanned

DNS security features protect against cache poisoning, domain hijacking, and man-in-the-middle attacks. DNSSEC is recommended by ENISA and required under NIS2 for essential entities. CAA prevents unauthorized certificate issuance (RFC 8659). MTA-STS enforces TLS for inbound email.

DNSSEC Signing
15%
DANE/TLSA
6%
CAA Records
3%
MTA-STS
1%
TLS-RPT
1%
BIMI
0%

MTA-STS Mode Breakdown

enforce (2547)
testing (1114)
unknown (626)
none (104)

Zone Transfer (AXFR) open on 1% of domains — full DNS zone data is publicly accessible.

Methodology

How this data was collected and what it represents.

All data is collected through automated, non-intrusive scans of publicly accessible websites. No login credentials are used, no forms are submitted, and no private data is accessed.

Sites are scanned across multiple dimensions: HTTP headers, TLS certificates, DNS records, and email authentication (SPF/DKIM/DMARC). Privacy, accessibility, and technology data are available in dedicated reports.

No individual sites are named. All statistics are aggregated and anonymised. Regulatory references indicate which requirements relate to each finding — they do not assert non-compliance of any specific organisation.

Where does your website stand?

Run a free security scan and see how you compare — TLS, headers, email, DNS — in 30 seconds, no account needed.

Based on automated scans of 820169 European websites. Updated continuously.